磁热治疗的最新研究进展

磁热治疗是一种新兴的治疗癌症的方法,其利用磁性材料在高频交变磁场(AMF)下将磁能转换为热能,提高局部病灶部位组织温度(42℃以上),诱导癌细胞凋亡.该治疗方法由于具有无创/微创性、高效性和良好的组织穿透性等优点而受到广泛关注.通过介绍和总结常用磁热材料、磁热增强策略和原理,描述目前磁热治疗的最新研究进展,综述了磁热治疗这一前沿技术在癌症治疗中的潜在应用.     

Effect of heat treatment on microstructures and properties of a novel Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy for oil drilling

In view of the special requirements for strength, heat resistance and corrosion resistance of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy for oil drilling, the Al-6.2 Zn-2.5 Mg-1.6 Cu alloy was prepared by increasing Cu content on basis of Russian Series 1953 alloy. The effect of heat treatment on the microstructures and properties of the alloy was characterized by optical microscope(OM), scanning electron microscope(SEM) and transmission electron microscope(TEM), and investigated by tensile test at room temperature, thermal exposure test and corrosion test. The results show that the strength after T6 aging treatment exhibit a decrease trend as an increase of the solution temperature from465 °C to 480 °C. After the solution treated by the rate of 470 °C/1 h, second phases dissolve into the matrix very well and the strength property reaches optimum. The alloy has better comprehensive properties treated by a solution treatment of 470 °C/1 h and then followed by an aging treatment of 120 °C/24 h + 170 °C/1 h + 120 °C/24 h. Under the aging state, the precipitated phases inside the grains are suitable in size, while on the grain boundary distribute discontinuously and the precipitate-free zone is obvious. Besides, the alloy still maintain high tensile properties. The yield strength, tensile strength and elongation are 650 MPa, 686 MPa,12.0%, respectively. The yield strength retention after heat exposure is 92%. The alloy has good corrosion resistance and the exfoliation corrosion degree. The average corrosion rate in the H_2S and CO_2 environment is 0.0024 mm/a, which is far less than the required 0.12 mm/a. It is insensitive to H_2S and CO_2 environments.     

微生物燃料电池修复钒污染地下水的响应曲面优化研究

使用响应曲面法, 对单室微生物燃料电池去除五价钒的运行条件进行分析和优化。采用乙酸钠作为单室微生物燃料电池的碳源, 探讨钒初始浓度、COD初始浓度和电解液电导率对五价钒去除率的影响, 三因素三水平的响应曲面分析结果表明, 五价钒初始浓度对五价钒去除率的影响最显著, 其次为 COD 初始浓度, 最后是电解液电导率。利用响应曲面法得到最优实验条件: 五价钒初始浓度为75.44 mg/L, COD初始浓度为1007.48 mg/L, 电导率为11.98 mS/cm, 此时可获得五价钒的最大理论去除率80.31%。验证实验的结果证实了该优化方法的可靠性。研究成果可以促进微生物燃料电池技术在治理钒污染地下水领域的实际应用。     

基于滑移/非滑移异质界面的动压润滑性能优化

合理布置的滑移/非滑移异质界面可以提高流体动压润滑性能,但目前滑移区和非滑移区的组合方式大多采用单一的直线拼接法,没有针对流体润滑摩擦副的各类工况设计出相应的优化方案,为此本文建立了一组离散式二次方程来描述滑移区和非滑移区拼接轨迹,并引入计算域单元的宽长比作为优化变量,分别以液膜刚度和摩擦因数作为优化目标,通过MATLAB数值仿真求解不同宽长比条件下滑移区和非滑移区的最优拼接轨迹。结果表明,与直线拼接法相比,选取二次方程所描述的抛物线作为滑移区和非滑移区拼接轨迹的方法使流体润滑摩擦副在摩擦因数和液膜刚度等性能指标上都有所改善,而且根据不同的优化目标参数可以方便地绘制出最优拼接方案,验证了本文方法在改善动压润滑性能上的可行性和普适性。     

异方差下条件处理效应的非参数估计及应用

处理效应模型作为分析政策效应的量化工具,在社会与经济的各个领域有着广泛的应用.现有文献为了得到处理效应的一致估计量,通常需要加一些较强的限制条件(如条件均值独立)或采用工具变量法,在较弱的与实际更吻合的条件下给出处理效应的一致估计量并不多见.本文在误差项对称的假定下,讨论了条件处理效应模型的非参数识别和估计,并进一步估计了平均处理效应.我们通过放松模型中函数形式的假定,同时考虑了较为普遍的广义异方差形式,大大减少了模型误设的可能性,拓展了现有模型的适用性.本文对估计量的大样本性质进行了分析,表明了估计量的一致性和渐近正态性,蒙特卡罗模拟显示了估计量良好的有限样本性质.最后,本文将估计量应用于研究大学教育回报及其性别差异,进一步解释了估计量的实用价值.     

Ti-1300钛合金挤压管材组织性能研究

通过室温拉伸测试和显微组织观察，研究了挤压温度和热处理工艺对Ti-1300钛合金挤压管材显微组织和力学性能的影响，讨论了热加工工艺、显微组织和力学性能之间的关系。结果表明：Ti-1300钛合金在两相区挤压后的横向组织均匀细小，纵向组织沿挤压加工流线破碎均匀；其拉伸强度高达1 445 MPa。管材在相变点以上的高温固溶组织主要由等轴β相晶粒组成，具有较好的塑性。合金两相区挤压后具有较好的强度和塑性的匹配，两相区挤压的塑性明显优于β单相区挤压，尤其面缩。试样经过固溶时效处理后显微组织明显细化，强度大幅度提高，可达1 300 MPa以上。     

Processing and characterization of the microstructure and mechanical properties of Al6061–TiB2 composite

In the present research, aluminum metal matrix composites were processed by the stir casting technique. The effects of TiB2 rein-forcement particles, severe plastic deformation through accumulative roll bonding (ARB), and aging treatment on the microstructural charac-teristics and mechanical properties were also evaluated. Uniaxial tensile tests and microhardness measurements were conducted, and the micro-structural characteristics were investigated. Notably, the important problems associated with cast samples, including nonuniformity of the rein-forcement particles and high porosity content, were solved through the ARB process. At the initial stage, particle-free zones, as well as particle clusters, were observed on the microstructure of the composite. However, after the ARB process, fracturing phenomena occurred in brittle ceramic particles, followed by breaking down of the fragments into fine particles as the number of rolling cycles increased. Subsequently, com-posites with a uniform distribution of particles were produced. Moreover, the tensile strength and microhardness of the ARB-processed com-posites increased with the increase in the reinforcement mass fraction. However, their ductility exhibited a different trend. With post-deforma-tion aging treatment (T6), the mechanical properties of composites were improved because of the formation of fine Mg2Si precipitates.     

枯草芽孢杆菌SX3411产抑菌物质的发酵条件优化

枯草芽孢杆菌SX3411菌株自身带有subtilomycin基因簇,其主要的抑菌成分为subtilomycin.该文采用单因素分析法分析了枯草芽孢杆菌SX3411在不同发酵条件和营养成分时对抑菌物质产生的影响.根据单因素分析,对枯草芽孢杆菌SX3411产抑菌物质设计了响应面法分析,通过响应面法获得了最优的发酵条件和最佳营养成分配比.结果表明:最佳培养条件是初始pH值为8.25、转速为169 r?min^-1、温度为30.24 ℃、装液量为37.9%、接种量为1.46%,抑菌圈直径预测值为30.04 mm; 最佳培养基的成分为葡萄糖11.4 g?L^-1、酵母粉5.0 g?L^-1、ZnSO₄ 0.000 56 g?L^-1、CaCl₂ 0.059 5 g?L^-1,抑菌圈直径预测值为27.83 mm.实际检测值与预测值完全吻合.实验结果为生产羊毛硫细菌素subtilomycin提供了依据.     

国内城镇污水处理能耗计算方法

污水处理行业是高耗能产业,合理地估算污水处理工艺的能耗将有助于节能减排措施的制定和实施。依据国内城镇污水处理各单元的工艺运行特点,分析了污水处理单元能耗分布特征,总结出污水处理过程中各单元主要耗能设备的能耗计算公式。以喀左污水处理厂(采用典型A/O工艺)为例进行分析,挖掘其最具潜力的节能设备,给出相应的节能调控方向。     

响应面法优化S2菌株的培养条件

利用快速筛选方法从大庆采油三厂油田采出水中筛选出高产生物表面活性剂菌株S2,经鉴定为芽孢杆菌属.对S2菌株产生的生物表面活性剂进行提取及纯化后,通过离子鉴别实验及红外光谱法对其进行定性检测,确定其种类为非离子型脂肽类.以菌种S2产生的发酵液的乳化指数(E24)为指标,通过响应面优化方法对S2菌株的培养条件进行优化,以接种量、pH值、温度、摇床转速为因素优化对象进行实验.在此模型的基础上,通过二次回归方程得出最佳值是pH为7.2、温度为43.5℃、接种量为5.2%(V/V)、摇床转速为162r/min.在优化后的最佳培养条件下,测得菌株S2所产生发酵液的最优E24为81.20%.